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Helen Zelezny, also known in Europe as Helene Zelezny-Scholz, Helen Scholz or Helene Scholzová-Železná (16 August 1882 – 18 February 1974), was a Czech born sculptor and architectural sculptor.〔Killy W. (ed.) (''German Biographical Encyclopaedia.'' ) Walter de Gruyter, 2005. Volume 9 p. 115 ISBN 9783110966299.〕 She was an influential figure in the sculpture of north Moravia and Silesia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Zelezny created sculpted portraits, including portraits of members of the Habsburg family, Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Lady Sybil Grahamová, Benito Mussolini, and Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1932) with whom she had a close relationship. Zelezny is also known as an Italian sculptor as she lived and worked for many years in Rome. == Life == Zelezny was born in Chropyně, in the Czech Republic, and raised in the village of Třebovice, which is now part of the city of Ostrava in Austrian Silesia. Her mother was the German writer and poet the countess, Maria Stona and her grand father was the industrial manager and entrepreneur :de:Alois Scholz. Zelezny spent her childhood at the family château owned by her mother.〔Pelc M. ''Maria Stona und ihr Salon in Strzebowitz.'' Europäischer Strukturfonds/Schlesische Universität in Opava 2014 p. 8 (pdf)〕 Stona frequently received intellectual and creative personalities from all over Europe. Zelezny became multilingual, speaking English, Italian, French, and German. Zelezny studied drawing in Vienna and Dresden. She studied sculpture in Berlin under Fritz Heinemann, and in Brussels for four years where her teacher was Charles van der Stappen. In 1912, in Ostrava, Zelezny curated an exhibition of van der Stappen's works. After a year of study in Paris, Zelezny moved to Florence, Italy. From 1909 to 1913, Zelezny studied with the Swiss artist Augusto Giacometti and travelled with him to Switzerland.〔(''Augusto Giacometti.'' ) Art history Reference. Accessed 2 October 2015.〕 Zelezny was also in regular contact with artists such as Hans Kestranek, Edward Gordon Craig and Julius Rolshoven. In 1913, Zelezny travelled to Tunis with Georg Brandes. Whilst there she visited Harems and become acquainted with their residents and customs. She portrayed them in her sculptural work. In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, Zelezny moved to Vienna. She was engaged to sculpt portraits of members of the Habsburg imperial family, including Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma. In this period, Zelezny married. After the war, in 1919, Zelezny returned to Italy; to Florence and later to Rome. There she taught sculpture to children. From 1922, right up until her death in 1974, Zelezny kept a studio at 54 Via Margutta where she held regular art classes. She usually spent her summers in Czechoslovakia. The studio at 54 Via Margutta was built by the Marquis Francesco Patrizi in 1855. He constructed a palace with apartments where artists could live and work. Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, and Giacomo Puccini produced some of their greatest works in these studios in the early 1900s. In 1934, Zelezny exhibited her work at Jean Charpentier’s gallery featuring the sculptural group ''Work days and Holidays''. After the Second World War, Zelezny wanted to donate her family's château in Třebovice to the Czechoslovak government as a centre for young artists. This did not evenuate and by the late 1950s, the building was in ruins. From 1946 to 1949, Zelezny lived in the United States where she taught mixed media at institutions in and around Philadelphia such as the Philadelphia Museum of Art and Swarthmore College. Zelezny died in Rome 1974 and is buried at the Protestant Cemetery.〔(Stone 1863 - The Protestant Cemetery Catalogue )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Helen Zelezny-Scholz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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